X射線（又被稱為艾克斯射線、倫琴射線或X光）是一種波長範圍在0.1奈米到10奈米之間（對應頻率範圍30 PHz到3EHz））的電磁輻射形式。X射線最初用於醫學成像診斷和 X射線結晶學。X射線也是游離輻射 等這一類對人體有危害的射線。
範例(英)：X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 10 to 0.01 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3 × 1016 Hz to 3 × 1019 Hz) and energies in the range 120 eV to 120 keV. They are shorter in wavelength than UV rays. In many languages, X-radiation is called Röntgen radiation after Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, who is generally credited as their discoverer, and who had called them X-rays to signify an unknown type of radiation.
X-rays can penetrate solid objects, and their largest use is to take images of the inside of objects in diagnostic radiography and crystallography. As a result, the term X-ray is metonymically used to refer to a radiographic image produced using this method, in addition to the method itself. X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation, and exposure to them can be a health hazard.
X-rays from about 0.12 to 12 keV (10 to 0.10 nm wavelength), are classified as soft X-rays, and from about 12 to 120 keV (0.10 to 0.010 nm wavelength) as hard X-rays, due to their penetrating abilities.
The distinction between X-rays and gamma rays has changed in recent decades. Originally, the electromagnetic radiation emitted by X-ray tubes had a longer wavelength than the radiation emitted by radioactive nuclei (gamma rays).So older literature distinguished between X- and gamma radiation on the basis of wavelength, with radiation shorter than some arbitrary wavelength, such as 10−11 m, defined as gamma rays.However, as shorter wavelength continuous spectrum "X-ray" sources such as linear accelerators and longer wavelength "gamma ray" emitters were discovered, the wavelength bands largely overlapped. The two types of radiation are now usually distinguished by their origin: X-rays are emitted by electrons outside the nucleus, while gamma rays are emitted by the nucleus.
範例(中)：X射線（組成的X射線）是一種電磁輻射形式。 X射線的波長範圍在10至0.01納米，相當於頻率範圍內的30 petahertz 30 exahertz（3 × 1016 Hz至3 × 1019 Hz）和能量範圍內的120 EV至120千電子伏。他們是在波長較短的紫外線比。在許多語言中，X射線輻射稱為倫琴倫琴後，誰是他們的普遍記發現者，誰曾要求他們的X光檢查，以示未知類型的輻射。
X射線能穿透堅固物體，其最大的用途是把圖像的內部對象的放射診斷和晶體。因此，這個詞透視轉喻是用來指一射線圖像製作使用這種方法，除了方法本身。 X射線是一種形式的電離輻射，接觸這些可以是一個健康的危害。
X射線約 0.12至12千電子伏（10至0.10波長），被列為軟 X射線，從 12到120千電子伏（0.10至0.010波長）的硬X射線，由於其穿透能力。
兩者之間的區別 X射線和伽瑪射線改變了近幾十年來。最初，發出的電磁輻射的X射線管進行了較長波長的輻射比排放放射性原子核（γ射線）。因此，舊文獻區分 X和γ射線的基礎上，波長，輻射小於一些任意波長，如10日至11米，定義為γ射線。然而，由於連續光譜波長較短的“透視”來源，例如直線加速器和更長的波長“伽瑪射線”發射體發現，該波段大部分重疊。這兩種類型的輻射，現在通常使用的來源：X射線排放電子細胞核外，伽瑪射線，而排放的核心。
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